In such a scenario, biofuel utilization program seems to be a promising solution because biofuels are relatively cleaner and can be produced from indigenous resources available locally. In 2010 worldwide biofuel production reached 105 billion liters 28 billion gallons us, up 17% from 2009, and biofuels provided 2. Thus, economical aspects of all types of biofuels are addressed. Biofuels have been serving mankind for a very long time ever since we started burning firewood for heating and cooking. Furthermore, we analyse the main assumptions, modelling approaches and results of the algal biofuel pathways, in terms of energy and greenhouse gas ghg emissions balances, considered in the lca literature. Here are 4 biofuel sources, with some of their application in developmental stages, some ac. Neat biodiesel b100 has a high cetane, no sulfur, and a high oxygen content. Learn more about the types and manufacture of biofuels as well as their economic and environmental considerations. Breaking the biological barriers to cellulosic ethanol. Introduction this handbook was developed under the biofuel marketplace project, supported by the intelligent energy europe program of the european commission.
Biofuel is a type of fuel whose energy is derived from biological carbon fixation. Among the several alternative renewable energy options, biofuel is perceived as having the most potential in indonesia, due to favorable climate and the availability of land and technology. Biofuels are drawing increasing attention worldwide as substitutes for petroleumderived transportation fuels to help address energy cost, energy. Biofuel technology handbook indian statistical institute. The definitions of biofuel implicate that a biofuel feedstock is also a biofuel, and can be converted to other types of biofuels through proper technologies. Meeting cochairs bill parton natural resource ecology laboratory, colorado state university richard pouyat usda forest service, baltimore ecosystem studies. With the coming into force of the kyoto protocol and the implementation of the different domestic measures for biofuels, global biofuel production is expected to quadruple in the next twenty years. Fifteen billion gallons can come from conventional biofuel sources such as corn ethanol. In order to promote a fast introduction of biofuels, barriers have to. Biodiesel, a diesel fuel substitute that can be made from a variety of oils, fats, and greases, is of interest to farmers for a number of reasons. Algae produce oil, and because of their growth rate and yields, they could produce a lot more than other energy crops. Prepared for hawksdale p12 college, melissa toifl csiro 2. These living organisms can fix recently released co 2 via photosynthesis.
Biofuels issues and trends 3 introduction this biofuels issues and trends report presents data on biofuels consumption, production. Introduction to biofuel april 30, 2009 eep 142 presented by. Biodiesel production technology august 2002january 2004 national renewable energy laboratory 1617 cole boulevard, golden, colorado 8040393 3032753000. Whereas oil is a limited resource that comes from specific materials, biofuels can be manufactured from a wide range of materials including crop waste, manure, and other byproducts. These basic characteristics of the feedstocks hold promise for lower feedstock costs and substantial energy and. Introduction and overview expanding biofuel production. In the context of global trade, sustainability certification may be instrumental to ensuring that widespread biofuel. Biofuel must meet a number of sustainability criteria as described in the directive, which must. Viability studies of biofuels university of maryland. Biofuel is advocated as a costeffective and environmentally benign alternative to petroleum and other fossil fuels.
The overall goal of biofuel marketplace is to establish biofuel products and technologies as ordinary trading. Research and development in this field is aimed at improving the quality and environmental impact of biofuels production, as well as the overall efficiency and output of biofuels. In this regard, biofuels even have a longer history than humanitys history and civilization because before we humans realized and used the fire, biofuels have already existed, for example, in the form of wood and grass. During photosynthesis co 2 is used in converting solar energy into chemical energy in the form of stored biomass or, in the case of some plants and algae, lipids. Oct 10, 20 brazil stands 1st in terms of biofuel consumption. A usda regional roadmap to meeting the biofuels goals of the. It focuses on ethanol and biodiesel based fuels on current available or near commercially developed technologies. Until the 1960s, domestic production of these fuels met the vast majority of the nations demand. According to the us department of energy, energy information administration doeeia, domestic renewable energy use grew by 32% from 2006 to 2012 and accounted for about 9% of total primary energy consumption in 2012 eia 20. Biodiesel is a fuel equal to the petrodiesel, the definition of biodiesel is as follows. Astm international originally known as the american society for testing and. Energy information administration biofuels issues and trends 3 introduction this biofuels issues and trends report presents data on biofuels consumption, production, imports and exports, including data collected by others than the u.
Biofuels include ethanol, which may be substituted for gasoline in many recent model automobiles. The key difference between biofuel and fossil fuel. It is defined as liquid fuels produced from biomass. Ethanol is the most widely used liquid transportation fuel, or biofuel. More often than not, however, the word biomass simply.
First, second and third generation the 2nd generation biodiesel includes liquid fuels derived from jatrapha seed oil and from a catalytic conversion pro cess of. Currently, a majority of ethanol is made from corn, but new technologies are being developed to make ethanol from a wide range of renewable agricultural and forestry resources. First, second and third generation the 2nd generation biodiesel includes liquid fuels derived from jatrapha seed oil and from a catalytic conversion pro cess of synthetic gas from the gasification of biomass. The mono alky esters of long fatty acids derived from the renewable lipid feed stock such as vegetable oils or animal fats for use in diesel engines is known as biodiesel. A usda regional roadmap to meeting the biofuels goals of. Since biomass technically can be used as a fuel directly e. For this reason, biofuels are especially useful in providing the energy needs of the transportation sector. Petroleumbased fuels have been the primary type of transportation fuel in the united states for decades. Nan shi doris chen yu hui becky li songxu daniel wu. Development of a viable cellulosic biomass to biofuel industry 263 kb system biology to overcome barrier to cellulosic ethanol lignocellulosic biomass characteristics 794 kb feedstocks for biofuels 834 kb deconstructing feedstocks to sugars 632 kb. The present book chapter is an introduction of the major. Purchase handbook of biofuels production 2nd edition.
Proponents of biomassbased fuels push for sustainability against a steady tide of conflicting analysis, but can advanced biofuels cut the. Co emission from automobiles decreased from 50gkm in 1980 to 5. We hope the results will provide input into the discussion. Introduction 1 policies and initiatives for biofuels in india. Impact of the introduction of biofuel in the transportation. The usage of the vegetable oil as a source of fuel is as old as the diesel engine. Introduction in 2009, the eu adopted the renewable energy directive, the socalled red 1. Biofuels are gaining increased public and scientific attention, driven by factors such as oil price hikes, the need for increased energy security, concern over green. Based on the feedstock sources and conversion technologies, biofuels can be classified into five groups.
Moreover, economical aspects are of crucial importance for establishing and sustaining biofuel markets. Introduction to biofuel university of california, berkeley. Ethanol as the leading firstgeneration biofuel 1 1. In such a scenario, biofuel utilization program seems to be a promising solution because biofuels are relatively cleaner and can be.
It can provide an additional market for vegetable oils and animal fats. According to unctad report, brazil uses pure ethanol in 20% of their vehicles and a 22 to 26 % ethanolpetrol blend in the rest of their vehicles. Biofuel refers to any fuel that derives directly from a living organism that we humans can use as energy. Many of the biofuel in this class has been derived. Biofuels convert energy from the sun to plant materials, which are then processed to produce liquid fuels. Introduction this comprehensive handbook is the revised version of the biofuel technology handbook developed under the biofuel marketplace project, supported by the intelligent energy europe program of the european commission. Biofuels production, trade and sustainable development. Download the free nrel biodiesel handling and use guide fifth edition. Biofuels do not release as much carbon as fossil fuels do but fertilizers. The potential and challenges of dropin biofuels pdf. Epas analysis projects that 15 billion gallons of conventional biofuels could come from current or planned production capacity of corn starch ethanol by 2022. Some estimates suggest that microalgae are capable of producing up to 15,000 gallons of oil per hectare a year. Biofuels issues and trends energy information administration. Introduction 10 biofuel technology handbook this handbook also includes environmental aspects beyond its ghg reduction potential, such as impacts on water and on human health.
An assessment 2 environmental and social sustainability of biofuel promotion in india 5 concluding remarks 8 references 9 february 2015 introduction india happens to be the worlds fourth largest energy consumer and. The directive mandates that all member states shall have 10 % on energy basis biofuels in the transport sector by 2020. Introduction to biodiesel introduction to biodiesel. A biofuel is a fuel that is produced through contemporary processes from biomass, rather than a. Biomass is all around us and understanding where it fits in our energy and chemicals paradigm is an important part of using it effectively and sustainable. We synthesized biodiesel using a reaction of triglycerides and alcohol, once with an acid catalyst and once with an. It also discusses important developments in biofuels markets. The european commission is happy to present this booklet with the main results of the assessment of measures implemented for the promotion of biofuels. This paper assesses the impact of the introduction of biofuel in the transportation sector of indonesia in terms of energy, economics and the environment. Purpose of briefing to provide information on the many issues relating to the use of biodiesel responding to recent developments. Biodiesel epact 2005 c 44, title xiii, subtitle d agri biodiesel e. The two most important biofueles are ethanol and biodiesel. Department of energy office of energy efficiency and renewable energy by midwest research institute battelle contract no. The number of refineries has also increasedfrom 54 in 2,000 to 170 in january 2009.